Essay on Human Civilizations Diversity in the World

Diversity within this world is what makes every one of us unique in our own way. The different cultures of the world are the principle of various human civilizations, which we have come to recognize and accept on a global level. As one of the largest countries in the world and one of the four ancient civilizations, China bears many cultural traditions and scientific developments that are extremely imperative and influential. Many aspects of the Chinese’s rich and profound culture could be traced back many centuries ago through its written history (China Highlights, 1998). Geographically, a green gemstone called jade is found in Burma, Central America, Brazil, Canada and India. Although prized by many other civilizations, no other†¦show more content†¦A legend claims that when the Mongols invaded China, the dragons mourned for the Chinese people. When the tears reached the Earth, they changed to jade (Todd, 2010). Another myth that has been recounted for many centuries is about a man named He Shi Zhi Bi, or Bian, who found a piece of uncut jade in the mountains of China. He immediately presented the stone to King Li who asked a craftsman to examine the gemstone. The craftsman declared that the piece of stone that Bian had found in the mountains was only an ordinary stone, therefore the king decided to amputate one of Bian’s leg for dishonesty and being disrespectful. It was not until the ascendant of the throne after Li, asked his craftsman to carve the stone and discovered the beauty and delicacy of the jade gemstone (Sator, 2008). Fro m then on, jade is known as â€Å"bi† in Chinese and is known as a symbol of beauty to the Chinese people (Shan, 2014). Jade played an important aspect in Chinese life when it came to producing fine objects such as tools and other necessities that are vital. During the Shang Dynasty around the 1600s, jade was used for personal embellishment and ornamentation by kings, as well as for utilitarian and ceremonial objects. Jade weapons such as knives and dagger-axes were created from the exquisite gemstone for every day, personal use or defense. According to an article in the cultural China website, objects that are suffused with royal essence such as jade burial suits andShow MoreRelatedThe Paradox between Ecological Adversity and Human Civilation976 Words   |  4 Pagesthat exists between ecological diversity and human civilization, how this paradox acts as catalyst to monoculture, and how monoculture underscores the obesity epidemic occurring today. Further analysis of monoculture proves the practice a detriment to the environment. Specifics will be drawn from the relationship between humanity and cor n, as Zea mays has had a profound effect on human history. Complexity in nature acts as a limiting factor on not only the human species, but also all the speciesRead MoreOther Scenarios of Roderick Nash ´s Essay Island Civiliation628 Words   |  3 PagesNash’s essay entitled â€Å"Island Civilization: A vision for Human Occupancy of Earth in the Fourth Millennium,† Nash not only proposes the ideology of Island Civilization but also challenges readers to be informed of the rights of nature. Gaining insight on the options of preservation and nature from masterminds like John Muir, Henry David Thoreau, and Wallace Stegner. Nash devises a plan of action for Earth during the fourth millennium. Realizing the illustrate of our worlds â€Å"wilderness† Nash educatesRead MoreValue Pluralism and Absolute Moral Judgments Essay1565 Words   |  7 PagesShweder, in his â€Å"The Astonishment of Anthropology†, defends an anthropological relativism that stresses the importance of tolerance and moral diversity. Shweder†™s position allows for difference in moral opinion among different cultures. Terence Tanner’s anthropological view, in his â€Å"Human Rights, Human Difference†, is like Shweder’s in it appreciation for diversity, however Tanner calls for â€Å"transcultural† principles of justice or, allowing people to be different so long as they allow other to be differentRead MoreHowever, It Was Quite The Opposite. That Wasn’T The Only1501 Words   |  7 Pagesadvancement of the human race. Even within its own continent Africans were able to rule themselves despite the tens of thousands of different culture and ethnic groups. In fact, African Ornithologist, Dr. Steven Boyes (2013), in his article Getting to Know Africa 50 interesting facts, he has discovered that â€Å"before colonial rule Africa comprised up to 10,000 different states and autonomous groups with distinct languages and customs.† That’s an incredible amount of ethnic and cultural diversity. Africa hadRead MoreDiversity in American Culture and Civilization1759 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Diversity in American Cultures Background Historically there is no civilization or American culture. In the territory of todays America before the Spanish conquest, there were culturally heterogeneous societies, in broad regional shared, throughout its history and with a variable duration, the influence of common civilizational horizons. Introduction The extraordinary cultural diversity inherited from the original American cultures and of the Spain of the three great religions joinedRead MoreTechnology and Its Impact on Society1082 Words   |  5 Pagesits impact on society In this paper I will talk about the topic that technology will eventually destroy the entire civilization, since people are greedy and the revenge of nature. Technology s advantages and disadvantages are a subject of constant discussion. Those who are against technology have the opinion that technology harms people and will ultimately ruin human civilization. Threats to the environment are pollution, resource depletion, greenhouse gas, and nuclear power abuse. Those who findRead MoreCivilization Is An Essential Design1000 Words   |  4 PagesCivilization is an essential design. Civilization, to some extent is a prominent basis of cultural and technological progression. It is the rectification of thoughts and manners in society. Without civilizations, the world as we know it would not be. A civilization develops superfluous of things that help the people be a stable community. These build up an outline for the advancement and rise of the empire. Government is also existent in civili zations. Likewise, the Roman Civilization is an essenceRead MoreTechnology And Transportation During The United East And Europe1114 Words   |  5 Pages- World â€Å"getting smaller† due to constant development in technology and transportation. - Other nations can be affected by other countries actions from half way across the world because of rapid speed of communication. - Smaller world increases sameness/similarities between several countries, decreasing diversity. -Late 1990s, conflicts between Christians and Muslims led to American troops intervention. Ex: Japan enforcing rules for children to use chopsticks in 1984, Muslim leaders making religionRead MoreCivilization Is An Essential Design1000 Words   |  4 PagesCivilization is an essential design. Civilization, to some extent is a prominent basis of cultural and technological progression. It is the rectification of thoughts and manners in society. Without civilizations, the world as we know it would not be. A civilization develops superfluous of things that help the people be a stable community. These build up an outline for the advancement and rise of the empire. Government is also existent in civilizations. Likewise, the Roman Civilization is an essenceRead MoreSelect a Movie or Tv Show That Effectively Communicates the Cultural, Values and Norms of a Society That Is Different from Your Own Culture. Ideally, This Movie or Tv Show Would Be a Foreign Film with Subtitles. the1257 Words   |  6 PagesMany of these views are destined by world communities, however many frequentl y see the cases. The Story of India The Story of India is a six set series that tells about one of the world’s largest democracies and the rising economic giant. It explains how India is known for its mastery for computer technology, spiritual traditions, and its many armed gods. It shows how the surviving civilization dates back to pre-history. It shows how, like other civilizations, India has experienced several outstanding

Jane Eyre And Much Ado About Nothing - 1866 Words

Female Independence Women, especially in Europe, have come a long way from subordination and oppression within a male-dominated society. Today, many women are willing to stand up and fight for themselves and their rights against authoritative figures and inequality. It was not as easy, however, to establish independence in the Victorian Era and the Elizabethan Era: two periods where Jane Eyre and Much Ado About Nothing took place, respectively. Jane and Beatrice, two resolute women in these texts, both draw from negative personal experiences and their liminal position within their household to develop emotional and intellectual independence in a controlling patriarchal society, and with that, highlighting the complexity of their feelings towards men and love. Nonetheless, their ability to be independent is limited, as they live in patriarchal societies that bind women to occupational and marital expectations. The unfavorable way Jane was treated by her family was essentially the stru ctural base of forming her overall independence. Her family ostracized her from everything, leaving Jane to live her childhood with nobody to support her. This instance of isolation drove Jane to have to depend on herself for entertainment, company and self-guidance, forming the initial aspects of her independence. In addition, Jane was forced to learn to defend herself due to the harassment put upon her by her cousin. At her breaking point, she snapped back: â€Å"Wicked and cruel boy! You areShow MoreRelatedWrite About the Ways the Difficulties of Love Are Explored in â€Å"Jane Eyre† and Claudio and Hero’s Relationship in â€Å"Much Ado About Nothing†.2162 Words   |  9 PagesCharlotte Bronte’s novel, â€Å"Jane Eyre† and William Shakespeare’s play, â€Å"Much Ado about Nothing†, both focus on the themes of love; â€Å"Jane Eyre† was written in 1851, the Victorian era whereas â€Å"Much Ado about Nothing† was writt en in 1599, the Elizabethan era. Although there may be over hundreds of years between them, both texts exhibit the ways the difficulties of love can be explored. Both texts imply that there will be difficulties as the relationships are established. Charlotte Bronte presents

Century Genius/Stephen Hawking Free Essays

The Logical Insurrection Computing Engine was built in 1958. He attended college on scholarships and focused on physics and mathematics. However he showed strong interest in theories. We will write a custom essay sample on Century Genius/Stephen Hawking or any similar topic only for you Order Now Especially those theories of Einstein; and the theory of relativity and the study of cosmology. In 1963 he met his first wife Jane Wiled and in 1995 they got married but divorced in 1991. Stephen began getting sick when he and Jane got married so the testing began and the news came back that Stephen had ALAS. He was told he had two years to live however he is alive to date. ALAS attacks the nerves and speaking ability, walking, breathing, and swallowing. Stephen communicates with a computer that is connected to his wheelchair. During his marriage token they had three children. The marriage didn’t last and they divorced in 1991. He then married Elaine Mason which he divorced in 2006. Hawking worked for 30 years at Cambridge as the Lucian Chair of Mathematics. Sir Isaac Newton once held that position as well. Stephens has been the world leader in research on black holes, the birth of the universe, and the nature of space, time and gravity. He has written many best-selling books which have sold millions of copies. â€Å"A Brief History of Time† is a best-seller of Stephens and has been made into a movie. In this book Stephen tries to explain physical and mathematical ideas and calculations without using math. And also a range of subjects in Cosmology including the Big Bang, black holes, light cones and superstring theory. â€Å"A Brief History in Time† stayed on the London Sunday Times est.-selling list for 237 weeks. Stephen has won many awards In his life. He has received the CUBE in 1982 and made Companion of Honor In 1989. 1974 Stephen was elected Fellow of the Royal Society he was one of the youngest to receive this award to date. Stephen is a known Atheists and his belief Is Science will win. With all of Stephens problems and disability he has not let this stop him. He continues to use his mind and remains a strong force In the Science field. References: * penguin Books USA Inc. How to cite Century Genius/Stephen Hawking, Papers

Biography Precis Black Boy Essay Example For Students

Biography Precis Black Boy Essay Black Boy , an autobiography by Richard Wright, is an account of a youngAfrican-American boys thoughts and outlooks on life in the South while growingup. The novel is 288 pages, and was published by Harper and Row Publishers in 1996. The main subject, Richard Wright, who was born in 1908, opens the bookwith a description of himself as a four-year-old in Natchez, Mississippi, andhis familys later move to Memphis. In addition it describes his earlyrebellion against parental authority, and his unsupervised life on the streetswhile his mother is at work. His family lives in poverty and faces constanthunger. As a result his family lives with his strict grandmother, a ferventlyreligious woman. In spite of his frequent punishment and beatings, Wrightremembers the pleasures of rural life. Richard then describes his familys move to Memphis in 1914. Though notalways successful, Richards rebellious nature pervades the novel. This is bestillustrated by his rebellion against his father. He resents his fathers theneed for quiet during the day, when his father, a night porter, sleeps. When Mr. Wright tells Richard to kill a meowing kitten if thats the only way he can keepit quiet, Richard has found a way to rebel without being punished. He takes hisfather literally and hangs the kitten. But Richards mother punishes him bymaking him bury the kitten and by filling him with guilt. Another theme is seenwhen his father deserts the family, and Richard faces severe hunger. For thefirst time, Richard sees himself as different from others, because he mustassume some of the responsibilities of an adult. In contrast to his abovecharacteristics, Richard soon shows his ability in learning, even before hestarts school, which he begins at a later age than other boys because his mothercouldnt afford his school clothes. Rebellion, hunger (for knowledge and food),and the sense of being different will continue with Richard throughout this book. In the following chapters the Wrights move to the home of Richards AuntMaggie. But their pleasant life there ends when whites kill Maggies husband. Later the threat of violence by whites forces Maggie to flee again. Additionalunfortunate events include Richards mother having a stroke. As a result,Richard is sent to his Uncle Clarks, but he is unhappy there and insists onreturning to his mothers. Later, Richard confronts his Aunt Addie, who teaches at the Seventh-DayAdventist church school. He also resists his grandmothers attempts to converthim to religious faith. He writes his first story and blossoms in a literarysense. Richard then gets a job selling newspapers but quits when he finds thatthe newspapers hold racist views. Soon after this incident, his grandfather dies. Richard publishes his first story. The reaction from his family isoverwhelmingly negative, though they can do nothing to stop his interest inliterature. When he graduates, Richard becomes class valedictorian. But he refusesto give the speech written for him by the principal. Upon entering the harshworld of actual adulthood, Richard has several terrifying confrontations withwhites. In the most important of these confrontations, he is forced out of a jobbecause he dares to ask to learn the skills of the trade. These same harshrealities of life also force Richard to learn to steal. By stealing he acquiresenough money to leave the Deep South. Richard finds a place to stay in Memphis. The owner of his rooming houseencourages him to marry her daughter, Bess. As a result of his inborn fear ofintimacy, he refuses. Richard then takes another job with an optical company. .ubcc1bd20dacc49db411df41cd9e5f8c8 , .ubcc1bd20dacc49db411df41cd9e5f8c8 .postImageUrl , .ubcc1bd20dacc49db411df41cd9e5f8c8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubcc1bd20dacc49db411df41cd9e5f8c8 , .ubcc1bd20dacc49db411df41cd9e5f8c8:hover , .ubcc1bd20dacc49db411df41cd9e5f8c8:visited , .ubcc1bd20dacc49db411df41cd9e5f8c8:active { border:0!important; } .ubcc1bd20dacc49db411df41cd9e5f8c8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubcc1bd20dacc49db411df41cd9e5f8c8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubcc1bd20dacc49db411df41cd9e5f8c8:active , .ubcc1bd20dacc49db411df41cd9e5f8c8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubcc1bd20dacc49db411df41cd9e5f8c8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubcc1bd20dacc49db411df41cd9e5f8c8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubcc1bd20dacc49db411df41cd9e5f8c8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubcc1bd20dacc49db411df41cd9e5f8c8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubcc1bd20dacc49db411df41cd9e5f8c8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubcc1bd20dacc49db411df41cd9e5f8c8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubcc1bd20dacc49db411df41cd9e5f8c8 .ubcc1bd20dacc49db411df41cd9e5f8c8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubcc1bd20dacc49db411df41cd9e5f8c8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: On The Universality Of Poetry EssayThe foreman tries to provoke a fight between him and a black employee of anothercompany. In the culmination of Richards interest in literature, he borrows alibrary card and discovers the hard-hitting style of columnist H. L. Mencken andbegins to read voraciously. Finally, in the last chapter, Richard leaves for Chicago. When Richardtells his boss that he is leaving, he says that his departure is at his familysinsistence. The white men at the factory are uneasy about a black man who wantsto go north. They seem to consider that desire an implicit criticism of theSouth and thus of them. On the train north, Richard reflects on his life. Hewonders why he believes that life could be lived more fully. His answer is thathe acquired this belief from the books he read, which were critical of Americaand

Material Posessions vs Happiness free essay sample

Material Possessions vs Happiness Happiness is an enigma, an ever fleeting ideal that is nearly impossible to catch. For millennia humans have been attempting to reach American societies standard of happiness. We live in a high end consumer society where people are constantly purchasing the hottest new product to hit the shelf, only in the hope to flaunt their wealth or overall happiness to other people. However to their dismay, that feeling is only momentary. It takes real life experiences, simple daily occurrences that make one appreciate what they have, honest happiness. There are people that will never ave this realization; they are the ones who are wasteful. They are the ones that will never be able to fully appreciate the things that they have, and will never fully understand because they are caught in capitalisms pathetic rat race. Material possessions directly affect the perception of wealth and status. This means that the more fancy cars or the bigger and better the house, the higher ranked you are in your community. We will write a custom essay sample on Material Posessions vs Happiness or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This ideal gives many people a reason to pursue the image of wealth even though they do not really have the money to keep up with the Joneses. This overwhelming competition to be on top is what drives these people o destroy their lives. Materialistic views are drilled into the minds of the population by the media from early childhood. The author of Is everybody happy? By John Ciardi agrees with the idea that media creates the problem when he says Advertising is one of our major industries, and advertising exists not to satisfy desires but create them(38). The population of America is constantly offered help to buy things; there is credit, loans, and even grants to be able to upgrade to a standard of living that even the government looks at as a normal standard. Because of these seemingly kind estures there has been a clear drop in the economy, because of people spending money they do not have. When the economy plummeted, foreclosures, unemployment, and bankruptcy skyrocketed. The wealthy continue to produce income while the poor have no way to get back on their feet. It is ironic because it seems as though there is a large quantity of people that can no longer pay for their home and yet they go out and buy designer clothing, all Just to keep up appearances. On the other hand the rich are constantly dropping tons of money on things they will never need for these are the people that get caught up in the rat race. They are the people that define capitalism at its best. The standard that the wealthiest people create is the level that the poor or middle class will always attempt to keep up with. Americans purchase things in surplus. They buy more than they will ever use in the time span before it will spoil. The fact that people throw away good food because it is a day past the sell by or has a little piece of mold is heart breaking because there are millions of starving people in the world that go days without food. There are approximately 50 million people starving that would do nearly anything for the food eople so nonchalantly toss. That 50 million are real people living in the United States right now. That count is not even adding farther third world countries whose child. (feedingamerica. rg ) When Lars Eighner became part of the statistics he experienced the struggles of living without any possessions or means to survive; he then wrote On Dumpster Diving a story of how he managed to get through it while explaining some of the experiences that he went through to teach others. Eighner explains that people are overly wasteful when he says that People throw away perfectly good stuff, a lot of perfectly good s tuff. (22) He goes on to explain how peoples trash shows that not only are they wasteful but they do not know how to appreciate what they already have. Someone like the author had all of the material goods that people crave, and then lost it all. He has an unbiased opinion of both sides of the coin. Being a consumer he knew that he wanted the best of everything but then when he became a scavenger he realized that the life he was living was not true happiness. Material goods give people that are normally out casted a way to fit in. Humans are naturally self-conscious and have low self-image and when people ee that someone has the wealth to purchase something like a garment that is brand new, hot off the line, spring fashion, they see that they are getting attention and love from their peers. Love and acceptance are natural human desires. These are undeniable necessities Just like food, water, shelter, and security. However, since our world has become less socially equal and individuals are more isolated, the appeal and obtainment of brand items has helped to fill the void of that need to belong, be loved and have higher self-esteem. But that is no excuse to go and spend 70 dollars on a pair of Abercrombie Fitch Jeans. True happiness is a feeling that can only be achieved when people know what they desire most. Though there is a direct correlation between happiness and merchandise, there is no direct link between the two. The fact is that though money can buy for example purposes, a sparkling new vacation home with all the trimmings. The house will not give happiness directly; however, it is the experiences that family has at that beach house that creates happiness. The more positive experiences, the happier the person. Americans should make the most out of their born right to the pursuit of happiness because not many people have that opportunity.

Essay Competency Goal I

Essay Competency Goal I Essay Competency Goal I Competency Goal I To establish and maintain a safe, healthy learning environment 2. Functional Area : Healthy Candidate promotes good health and nutrition and provides an environment that contributes to the prevention of illness. One of my goals to promote hygiene is to prevent the spread of germs This is an important goal for the age group in my care because older youth tend to think that had sanitizer is a replacement for proper and frequent hand washing. I try to demonstrate good hygiene habits since germs can be easily spread when children are in close proximity with each other. I do this is by washing my hands after coming in from outside, after using the restroom, after doing craft projects, before meals and any other time my hands are dirty. I also prompt youth to wash their hands at similar times. Another way I promote hygiene is by washing and sanitizing tables daily and other items that may need sanitizing. I also make sure each child has his/her own locker and that there items are not all mixed up. I wash and sanitize blankets/ bean bags/ pillows weekly. I promote nutrition by introducing the children to foods they have never tried. I try to expose youth to cooking new foods by different methods so that they also learn the natural tastes of the foods they are preparing. These foods are often nutritious and fun for the children to help prepare. This participation encourages them to try something new in their diet. I am a firm believer that children should be

Unforgettable day Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Unforgettable day - Essay Example Together with my family in the silence, I understood for a moment the deadness that people feel in the primeval desert. It was very difficult to imagine and see a place without human existence. I almost believed that the primitive land will be grateful after the departure and absence of the tourist as the desert, and its creations will return to their ancient states undisturbed by the anxious and brooding men. I stood on the open, out of the underworld. A thousand feet below me were a curving ridge of sandstone that was existing to the eye, a tiny feature that was lost in the vastness of the canyon systems. Far in the east was an isolated storm that was boiling over the desert as a mass of clouds that was bordering the earth surface with trailing curtains of rain and lightning. A land where there is few signs of life and were rivers flow unseen through the trenches in the rock. Other scenery consisted of golden dunes, desert lakes, alluvial fans, plateaus, playas and desert animals i .e. snakes, camels and birds. Strolling on with my family, it seemed that the strangeness and wonder existence of the desert was really emphasized here by the comparative scarcity of the fauna and flora. Desert life is not overcrowded place but plants here are scattered abroad in simplicity and sparseness. The living organism stood out bold and brave with a generous gift of space defined between each tree, bush or stem of grass existing vividly against the lifeless rocks and sand. In the desert, there is no any shortage of water. Rather, water in the desert is extremely in the appropriate amount creating a perfect ratio between water and rock insuring the generous space between plants and animals, cities and town. Really the desert is quiet a very different place from other parts of the nation. As a family, we were to spend the night in two tents in the desert. I was afraid but the presence of my brothers who were elder than me mad me stronger. We played soccer in the evening

Different Points of View on the Global Warming Essay

Different Points of View on the Global Warming - Essay Example It will be crucial to building a resonance scientific understanding of the systems through which climate change discloses, and, on the foundation of this information, to alleviate its force as far as possible while adjusting to its effects (Schreuder, 2009, p. 13). 1. The Facts: According to the 4th assessment report, there is proof that Africa is warming quicker than the global average, and it is likely to persist. It is projected that by 2100, temperature changes will drop in ranges of about 1.4 to almost 5.8?C raise in mean surface temperature contrasted to 1900, and around 10 to 90cm increase in mean sea level. This warming is most over the heart of semi-arid boundaries of the Sahara also the central southern Africa. Before the atmospheric amount of carbon dioxide equivalent has multiplied by two, the worlds mean precipitation is anticipated to be around 1-5 % more than 1900. Under the least warming situation, equatorial east Africa will have rainfall increase by 5-20 % during De cember, January as well as February and diminish by 5-10 % during June, July also August (Schreuder, 2009, p.39). Agricultural production with foodstuff security in most areas of Africa is likely to be strictly compromised by climate change, as well as climate variability. Climate change will deteriorate the water stress presently faced by some nations; while some of those nations, presently not at risk of water stress, will be affected. Changes in an array of ecosystems are by now being noticed faster than expected, mainly in the Southern African environments. Climate change and unpredictability could also lead to the flooding of low lying lands, comprising coastal settlements. Human health could also be more negatively affected by climate change with climate variability, for instance there has been a raise in the frequency of malaria in southern Africa as well as East African highlands. These unfavourable effects together with poverty, institutional frame works and Poor policy, ca use Africa to be one of the most susceptible continent to climate change as well as climate variability. It is established that the anthropogenic climate force is the chief cause of climate change. This comprises of green house gases, land surface changes and aerosols. Research has shown that while a rise in the amount of green house gases would augment global warming, a rase in atmospheric aerosols would reduce it, although alterations in the land cover could either augment or reduce the local temperature (Schneider, 2002, p.22). The increase in the GHG since industrialization in the 1900s is the main cause of the ongoing global warming. The raise has been related to a rise in the burning of fossil fuels, growing dependence on fossil fuel driven technologies, elevated population growth rates and land use results. More increase in the GHG altitudes is anticipated in the future as the developing nations are becoming further industrialized. Nevertheless, any increase in GHG increases the â€Å"green house† characteristics of the earth’s environment. These gases permit solar radiation to go through the atmosphere but hinder the reflected heat from escaping back into the apace which results to the earth’s temperature rise. Climate change is the main factor defining human advancement issues of the generation.  

Project Management Unit 7 - Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Project Management Unit 7 - Assignment - Essay Example In the transportation stage, he will need information on the status of the transportation of the machines. The freighters will give this information. They will use phones and emails to communicate between them. The vendor will also communicate to the company on his progress on acquiring the machines the company requires for the installation of the system. This will be done by use of emails and personal communication with the head of the installation project with back up documents in hard copy. The engineers will need to keep in touch with the technicians in London and Baumholder. They will require information on the progress on the installations the technicians make on an hourly basis. The engineers and technicians will use teleconferencing to communicate. This will enable the engineers to communicate on small details that would not be possible with other methods of communication. They will also require the feedbacks from the testers on a daily basis during the testing stage. The engineers will provide questioners to the testers to complete. This will be done online through the use of electronic mails and phone calls. The engineers should also report on the progress of the installments to the company management through presentations and reports. They should make updates to the implementation team on a weekly basis to give the company enough time to address any emerging issue. The engineers should make the updates in hardcopy as well as in person with the head of the company’s department in charge. They will require instructions from the engineers. The technicians will also provide a detailed report on the system they assemble. The report should include all the information necessary to addressing future breakdowns or changes in the system. The report should be in hard copy, and they should deliver it to the company’s data department for storage. The department shall ensure that the purchases the vendor makes are in line with the specifications the

Consequences of Using an Existing Company Name

Consequences of Using an Existing Company Name In relation to Roy wanting to name his company ‘Mini-Mahogany Ltd.’, the Minister for Enterprise, Trade and Employment could refuse to allow the registration of the afore mentioned business as it could be misleading to the consumers. There is already a company registered in Dublin called ‘Mega-Mahogany Ltd.’ This minor difference between the names of the two companies could lead some people to become confused as both companies deal in timber products. One such case that this infringement can be seen is the case of: Jacob Fruitfield vs United Biscuits (2007) Jacob Fruitfield was previously in the Irish market selling Fig Rolls and Cream Crackers when the defendants, United Biscuits (U.K.) Limited, tried to enter the market selling their version of both products. Jacobs sought an injunction to stop United Biscuits selling the biscuits using the same name and they were successful. To have the injunction passed, the judge tried a test. He asked for these three statements to be proved either true or false; The existence of a reputation or goodwill in the claimant’s product including, where appropriate, in a brand name or get-up. The risk of confusion between what is alleged to be the offending product and the claimant’s product. Whether damage to the claimants goodwill by virtue of any such confusion has been established. (Simon McAleese Passing Off) Having then found that United Biscuits were indeed failing on these three tests, Clarke J granted the injunction for to prevent the sale of United Biscuits’ Fig Rolls on the Irish market as they were too similar to the Jacobs Fig Rolls. Wrappers of both Jacobs and United Biscuits Fig Rolls and Cream Crackers Difference between Memorandum and Articles of Association Roy would also need to know that he would need to have a Memorandum and Articles drawn up for his company. Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association are separately very important documents and together they serve as the constitution of a company. A Memorandum is a document which outlines the rules and regulations of the proposed company and its dealings with the outside world. The Memorandum has the following features included; The name, address and the office of the company that has been registered. The way the share capital of the company has been structured The aims and the objectives of the company being set up. The Articles of Association is a document that contains the rules of the company which are used by all employees of the company. This is an internal document and is filed with the Registrar of Companies on Parnell Square, Dublin 1. Some of the major features of the Articles include; The structure of the company The rights of the employees and the voting pattern if needed Conduct of Directors meetings Conduct of Shareholders Difference in the structures of Shares The main differences that Roy would need to understand between the two documents would be the following: The Memorandum is also called the Charter of an organisation. This document is a helpful document for future investors as it gives them an insight into how their money will be used by the company. The Articles, however, is the document that allows the structure of the company and the breakdown of the power in the company. The Articles contain all the laws by which the company will adhere to and also the rules that the employees must follow. (Difference Between Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association, 2011) Statutory Duties imposed on Directors of Irish Companies When a Director is appointed to a company, they are given a list of duties which they must follow for the wellbeing of the organisation. Some of these duties are common law duties; they are also called ‘Fiduciary Duties’. Other duties fall under the heading of ‘Statutory Duties’. These duties include the following points; Duty to maintain proper books of the company accounts. Duty to prepare the annual accounts of the company. Duty to file the necessary documentation with the Companies Registration Office. Duty of disclosure on personal information. Duty to call general meetings within the company. Duty to have an annual audit carried out in the company. Duty to write reports for the members of the company. (Pearse Trust Blog, 2014) Companies can only make loans to the directors of the company for a small number of circumstances and once the loan is fully disclosed in the company’s accounts. As mentioned in Section 31 of the Companies Act 1990, if the company has given a loan to a director and not followed all the necessary protocols, the director who granted the loan or who received the loan may be held liable for the cost of the loan. The same director could also be liable if the company goes into liquidation. For the director to avoid this punishment, they must follow all steps in that have been outlined in the Companies Act (see appendix). (McNulty, 2014) Directors must also disclose any interests they have in the company or in any company associated with the company they work for. Every company must keep a registry of these interests. The keeping of this registry is to avoid any situation where any person may claim that the company was fully aware of the director’s interest. Any such failing could result in criminal sanctions and/or the interested shares being void for that director. Fixed Charge and Floating Charge Roy also needs to know about the different types of charges he would face if he needs to take out a loan from the company in the future. Fixed and floating charges are used by companies to secure borrowing. This type of borrowing is typically arranged under the terms of a debenture. Any charge on a company’s assets must be recorded at the Companies Registry Office. A fixed charge is a mortgage that is secured on a piece of property owned by the company. These pieces of property could include land or buildings, machinery, shares, copyrights, patents, etc. Whereas floating charges are much easier for a company to handle as they can be taken without any specific asset being registered to the company. This means that any stock that the company holds or vehicles used by the company can be charged to obtain the loan. The speciality of the floating charges means that the company can go about normal business, buy and sell its stock, change machinery or vehicles without needing prior p ermission from the person or organisation they are paying mortgage to. As most borrowing is done through banks, it is these banks that then set the type of charge being applied to the company. Most of the time the bank will apply fixed charges on any asset which the company owns that already has fixed charges on. All other charges are then floating charges. Most banks want more than just this type of guarantee and will often ask the directors of the company for personal guarantees. (Fixed Floating Charges) Personal Guarantee A personal guarantee is a pledge in which an individual agrees to be responsible for the financial obligations of a debtor or a borrower to a lender in the event that the debtor or borrower fails to pay an amount owing under the loan agreement. A personal guarantee signifies that the lender can lay claim to the guarantor’s assets in case the borrower defaults. It is the equivalent of a signed blank cheque without a date. The guarantee can only be cancelled by the lender, not the borrower. In the event of the guarantor’s death, normally the lender will not void the personal guarantee but will seek for a new guarantor to fill in the deceased place and continue the guarantee. (McManus, 2011) Bank of Scotland (Ireland) vs Jim Mansfield In the case of Bank of Scotland vs Jim Mansfield, Bank of Scotland (B.o.S.) granted Jim Mansfield a loan to further his empire at CityWest. Mansfield gave a personal guarantee that the loan would be repaid in full. When Mansfield refused to pay back the money to NAMA, they sought an injunction in the Commercial Court where they successfully won and the court forced Mr. Mansfield to repay the â‚ ¬204m. Mr. Mansfield passed away before he could pay back the loan which now leaves his family liable to repay the fortune. Works Cited Companies Act 1990. (n.d.). Retrieved December 01, 2014, from www.irishststutebook.ie: http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/1990/en/act/pub/0033/sec0031.html Difference Between Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association. (2011, May 10). Retrieved November 30, 2014, from www.differencebetween.com: http://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-memorandum-of-association-and-vs-articles-of-association/ Fixed Floating Charges. (n.d.). Retrieved November 30, 2014, from www.companylawclub.co.uk: http://www.companylawclub.co.uk/topics/fixed_and_floating_charges.shtml McManus, F. (2011, February). The Dangers of Personal Guarantees. Retrieved November 30, 2014, from www.morganmcmanus.com: http://www.google.ie/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=3ved=0CDAQFjACurl=http://www.morganmcmanus.com/pdfs/The_Dangers_of_Personal_Guarantees.pdfei=j4N8VPWwOImU7AanwIGIBgusg=AFQjCNFYmFIsOKFPbT4a9yHjkycnbuCtdgbvm=bv.80642063,d.ZGU McNulty, T. (2014). Class Notes. Company Law. Dunlin. Pearse Trust Blog. (2014). Retrieved November 30, 2014, from www.pearse-trust.ie: http://www.pearse-trust.ie/blog/bid/99334/Duties-Powers-Of-Directors-Of-Private-Companies-In-Ireland Simon McAleese Passing Off. (n.d.). Retrieved November 30, 2014, from www.simonmcaleese.com: http://www.simonmcaleese.com/asp/printf.asp?RecordId=310 Appendices Case of Jacob Fruitfield Food Group Ltd v United Biscuits (UK) Ltd United Biscuits, more commonly known as McVities, sought to introduce fig roll biscuits and cream crackers into the Irish market. The packaging of both products was strikingly similar to comparable products already available on the Irish market by Jacobs. Jacobs successfully obtained an injunction in the High Court preventing the distribution of the McVitie fig rolls in packaging which was confusingly similar to that of Jacobs. What is the test to be met in determining whether packaging is so strikingly similar that it is in fact passing off? Clarke J set down a three part test to be applied in assessing whether or not there is an action for passing off: The existence of a reputation or goodwill in the claimant’s product including, where appropriate, in a brand name or get-up; The risk of confusion between what is alleged to be the offending product and the claimants product; and Whether damage to the claimants goodwill by virtue of any such confusion has been established. Clarke J specifically considered that the similarity between the two products should be judged, to a significant extent, as a matter of first impression. He stated: Firstly I should have regard to the circumstances in which the products are likely to be purchased, the sort of customers who are likely to purchase them, and the amount of attention which, at least the less careful of those purchasers, are likely to apply to their considerations. The competing get ups should be judged as a matter of first impression but also by reference to the type of features which, in all the circumstances of the case, are likely to attract the attention of a purchaser in those circumstances. Having considered the colour combinations, style of lettering and the suggested serving photograph of each of the packaging, he considered thatthe fig roll packaging was extremely similar, but that the packaging on the cream crackers was distinguishable. In deciding whether or not the balance of convenience lay with granting the injunction against the distribution of the McVities fig rolls, the court stated that it was never a presumption that the balance of convenience would lie with granting the injunction and that damages may sometimes be an adequate remedy. Nevertheless, Clarke J held that the balance of convenience in this case did lie with granting the injunction preventing the distribution of the McVitie fig rolls in packaging which was confusingly similar to that of Jacobs. (Simon McAleese Passing Off) Companies Act 1990 (Companies Act 1990) 1 | Page

Women as News Anchors Essay -- Women Feminism Careers Employment Essay

Women as News Anchors   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Women in all careers are striving to gain equality in the work force today, and female television news anchors are definitely part of the fight. The road to television news anchoring is a rocky one, where only a few women survive and many fail. Where progress was once thought to have been made, there aren't many females getting ahead in the world of television news. Today, there is a very slow, if any, gain in the numbers of women who succeed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many questions surrounding the subject of women in television news, and I will attempt to answer relevant ones in this paper. How have the women that actually make it to the top and succeed as anchorwomen, done it? What does it take to make it? Why do those few endure it/enjoy it? Why has it been and still is difficult for women? What are the expectations of women in the field, as opposed to the expectations of men?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I am interested in this topic because I once aspired to become a television broadcaster. I still have inspiration in me, but not quite as much due to the negative and discouraging aspects I have heard about in classes and in the media. I am not sure that I could be happy in a career such as this, and I know there are great difficulties in "making it" in this profession. I have read about the incredible ambition of successful females in television news, and it seems like it takes a special kind of passion to want to keep up in the business.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I kept my questions in mind when gathering research material. While focusing on the key questions, I was able to find information that led me to form answers to them. Christine Craft's biography told of her individual experience of being fired on the basis of her looks and her age. I realized from reading her story that she had a "nose for news", a passion for telling it to the world, and a unique spark that made her a good journalist, yet those qualities weren't enough in her case. She took that passion and spark, filed a sexual discrimination case and won.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hard News: Women in Broadcast Journalism had a few chapters that were relevant to today, and I could draw on some information for my paper. However, much of the information was historical and not helpful to answering my questions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Battling for News concentrated mainly on print journalism. There was material about the fi... ...ays of anchormen, "Old anchors never fade away. And they can't be killed by mortal means" (Katz 1995, p. 164).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sadly, forward movements aren't apparent today by women in television news. Forty years ago, a female gaining the anchor position on the evening news was a leap forward. Today "it feels more like a step backward, an attempt to stuff accomplished, contemporary women into an ill-fitting straightjacket" (Katz 1995, p. 164).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is apparent that women news anchors face many more struggles than men in the field. It takes a unique individual to fight through those struggles and strive for what they want most: to relay news throughout the world. Equality with men is far from being reached, but a few females have stood their ground and hopefully made a difference for others that follow. If people open their eyes and realize there are plenty of women who are just as, if not more, competent than men at holding an anchor position, women could gain respect within the field. For now, the few women who find success and are willing to endure the hardships that come along will likely survive in the business, at least until age hinders their physical appearance.

Criminal Behavior: the Negative Attribution of Societal Nurturing

Running head: SOCIAL CONTROL, STRAIN, SOCIAL LEARNING, AND CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR Criminal Behavior: The Negative Attribution of Societal Nurturing Criminal Behavior: The Negative Attribution of Societal Nurturing Imagine someone telling you that â€Å"you are the product of your environment†, what does that mean? Imagine a girl who has decided to pursue a career as a stripper. All of her friends are strippers and the new people she meets are those she has met while stripping. Would it be easy for her to quit that job?What would happen if she moved away and was surrounded by well-educated individuals? – Individuals who gave her strong social support and a good positive influence. What about the youth living in a deprived neighborhood, surrounded by small hopes and dreams for the future and low supervision? Is it possible that they become just like everyone else in their community? Let us compare an individual who lives in a disorganized community with an individual in a more organized and structured community, which one is more likely to develop criminal and delinquent behaviors?The purpose of this study is to investigate the measurable affirmation of criminal behavior contributing to a selective demographic based on three theories: social control theory, social learning theory, and strain theory. The idea in which the environment is the context within which all social relations occur has been brought to our attention by Lewin (1943) and can be used to make concept of a major factor in developing criminal and delinquent behaviors.Lewin proposed that the fundamental principle of social psychology research is that human behavior is a function of not only the person, but of the environment as well (Opotow & Gieseking, 2011). A large body of research has been done regarding the human behavior as a function of their â€Å"life space† and the person’s environment, such as neighborhoods, schools, work, and their friendships. Lewin states that pa rticular places can serve as â€Å"contact zones† (Opotow & Gieseking, 2011) and support certain kinds of interaction.These â€Å"contact zones† are formed between people and the physical characteristics of the built and natural world they live in (Opotow & Gieseking, 2011). Social control theory, strain theory, and social learning theory were all proposed by a variety of researchers strongly supporting the link between environment and the development of criminal minds. The theories supported are thought of as individual-level processes (Hoffman, 2003).The social control theory, for example, is the thought that community disorganization lessens bonding mechanisms by making parental supervision and interpersonal attachments more vague (Hoffman, 2003; Elliot et al. , 1997; Shaw & McKay, 1931). With community disorganization comes little to no control. The community is usually distinguished by residential instability and a high ratio of broken families as well as single p arents; reducing the likelihood of efficient socialization and supervision of the youth.A research study was conducted by Baskin & Sommers (2011) to determine whether placement instability played a role in developing delinquent/criminal behavior; results indicated that the children with more instability were more likely to be arrested and have a criminal record. Community disorganization reduces social support structure and weakens an important source of conformed bonding and success in socialization: effective parenting.Empirical research has sustained the idea that the influence of social bonds differs in each type of community and disorganized communities have a negative effect on the competence of social bonds to greatly reduce delinquent behavior. A lot of this is seen in our own communities and the communities surrounding us. It is all about where the person lives, where he goes to school, and whom he chooses to hang out with.The initial development of the strain theory was de veloped by Merton (1968) where he proposed that opportunity structures greatly affect the ability to grasp common cultural goals, such as the pursuit for monetary gain (Hoffman, 2003). The individual-level component of the strain theory is basically the strain of striving to reach goals within various forms of opportunity structures that could lead to adjustments such as deviant behaviors, delinquency, and even crime.With the assumption that opportunity structures differ in each community, it is safe to say that the effects of strains caused by the disunity between goals and means on deviant behavior will differ in every community (Hoffman, 2003). In other words, the strained youth in disorganized communities have a more realistic picture of their situation, so criminal adaption’s become more likely. Agnew (1992) elaborated this theory to form a concept by broadening the notion of strain with adding a variety of sources, such as families, schools, and cognitive skills (Hoffma n, 2003).Agnew assumes that the deprived communities are more likely to have strained youths and that these communities will suffer from more blocked or â€Å"strained† opportunity structures (Hoffman, 2003; Agnew, 1999). What is meant by Agnew’s new definition of this strain theory is that these communities develop an atmosphere that is based on anger and frustration; this could mean a greater chance of â€Å"going with the flow† to maybe prove themselves as â€Å"tough guys† to other communities.The social learning theory or differential association proposes that criminal associations and favoring conflict differ within each community type; it is this differentiation that explains the distribution of crime rates (Hoffman, 2003; Cressey, 1960; Reinarman & Fagan, 1988). Individuals embedded within certain communities are either exposed to or opposed to criminal behavior. Akers (1998) sees the sources in these differences: â€Å"The less solidarity, cohes ion, or integration there is within a group†¦ the higher will be the rate of crime and deviance† (Hoffman, 2003).In other words, social structural influences on criminal behaviors are fully reconciled by social learning processes. Many researchers stress that the DSM-IV diagnosis applied to criminals completely misses the mark and the idea of their environment is not enough (Stuart, 2004). Some researchers believe that sociological and environmental theories do not include the important concept of individual choice: â€Å"Crime resides within the person, not the environment† (Stuart, 2004). Other research, however, supports the importance of living in a good environment to prevent the development of a criminal mind.Although some researchers may suggest the treatment should be to focus on changing the patterns of thinking of criminals and to hold them accountable for every violation of moral thoughts, other researchers now believe that these efforts are slightly mis directed (Hoffman, 2003; Stuart, 2004, Baskin & Sommers, 2011). Other research suggests that even with punishment one can only discourage the criminal act to a greater or lesser degree, restrain the secret manifestation of a criminal urge, but the punishment ill not reconstruct the criminal mind, or avert its development in the individual (The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 1928). The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology (1928) proposes that the criminal mind is not different from that of the sane mind. Of course, many individuals do deviate themselves from the strain of their environment and negative influences simply because of their own personal values and the will to want to better themselves and their way of living. The proposed study will examine the moderating effects of the environment on developing criminal behaviors based on where the individuals grew up/came from.The study is based on the social control, strain, and social learning theories. There have be en very few studies that examine the impact of these theories and their consequences on the general individual-level processes that affect the person’s adaption’s to an environment exposed or opposed to possible criminal behaviors. Furthermore, by investigating these theories, this study might be able to determine which variables, if not all, indicate the development of criminal minds and delinquent behaviors.It is expected that participants will display more criminal and delinquent behaviors in the more strained and disorganized communities. Some participants will be from a more deprived area of town; they are considered to be part of a disorganized as well as strained community. Others will be from an average to more up scaled living environment; they are part of a more organized community who are influenced by everyone around them to want to have a better living. Each group of participants is expected to react to the way of their environment; to adapt to their †Å"way of living†.However, in general, participants in a more disorganized and strained community will suffer from more blocked opportunity structures, poor supervision, negative bonding mechanisms, and poor residential stability because despite having personal choices, an individual is always a product of his environment. Method Participants There will be approximately 850 participants in the proposed study that will serve as a representative sample of ninth grade students from U. S. high schools. Participants will be selected from the National Center of Education Statistics (NCES).In exchange for their participation, participants will be given a raffle ticket for a chance to win a variety of small prizes. Design The proposed study will be using the longitudinal method. The independent variables will be the type of community the participants live in (organized/disorganized), their friendships, monetary strain, blocked opportunity structures, and parental supervision. The depen dent variable will be their acquired behaviors, which will be examined (according to the variation of delinquency theories), by the data drawn from the National Educational Longitudinal Study (NELS).The NELS is â€Å"a longitudinal study designed to explore the impact of families and schools on a variety of educational, vocational, and behavioral outcomes† (Howard, 2003). The friendship variable will be used to examine the learning theory, the stress for monetary gain and blocked opportunity structures will be used to examine the strain theory, and parental supervision will be used to examine the social control theory. Procedure The representative sample for this study will be drawn by NELS.This sample will then be interviewed. At the beginning of the interview, the parents of the participants as well as the participants themselves will be specifically informed that all private information will be strictly confidential and will be used for research purposes only. The parents will then be given an informed consent to read through. As the participants from the subsample come in for the interview, they will be asked a variety of questions regarding delinquent behavior. All of this data will then be entered in NCES.The NELS data will then be used to examine the community characteristics that condition the impact of pertinent variables on deviant behaviors in the modern lives of these adolescents. Data from NCES will match their residential addresses to census identifiers. Census tracts are used to examine the impact of neighborhoods on various outcomes. The participants will then be interviewed during their senior year in high school. Again, asking them a large sum of questions regarding deviant behaviors. The same data will then be entered in NCES and NELS to retouch the previous information.The issue being utilized in this study is the individual’s environment on his behavior based on a long period of time. The questions asked by examiners will per tain to their relationship with their parents, their thoughts on fighting and violence, cultural goals for monetary gain, and so on. Measures As mentioned before, the friendship variable will be used to examine the learning theory; the stress for monetary gain will examine the strain theory; and parental supervision will be used to examine the social control theory. Conventional definition (Howard, 2003).A conventional definition will be constructed from a set of ten questions that will ask participants whether it is acceptable to engage in deviant behaviors such as having a gun, being affiliated with a gang, fighting, vandalism, selling drugs, using drugs, and stealing. A sample question includes: â€Å"Do you believe it is acceptable to join a gang? †. Response set ranges from one (often acceptable) to four (never acceptable). The Strain Theory. Questions that examine the strain theory will be based on cultural goals for monetary gain and blocked opportunity structures: â⠂¬Å"How important is money to you? ; â€Å"Do you have a high or low chance of graduating from high school? †; â€Å"What are the chances of you joining a gang if you knew you would get lots of money? †. The responses will be based on coding: 1 if money is very important, 0 not being important; 1 if high chance of graduating, 0 if low, and so on. The Learning Theory. The learning theory will be assessed by asking four questions about their friendships. Sample questions include â€Å"Do you feel pressured to be involved in everything your friends are in? † and â€Å"Have you ver been influenced by a friend to engage in deviant behaviors? †. Response set ranges from one (always) to four (never). The Social Control Theory. This theory will be examined by parental supervision. The respondent’s parents will be asked a total of ten questions, with answer choices ranging from one (disagree completely) to four (agree completely). Sample questions include à ¢â‚¬Å"Do you believe it is important to know your child’s friends? † and â€Å"Do you believe it is important to know how your child spends his money? †.Upon completion of each interview the respondents’ will be debriefed and given their raffle ticket for a chance to win a variety of small prizes. Discussion It is expected that participants will display more criminal and delinquent behaviors in the more strained and disorganized communities. Each group of participants is expected to react to the way of their environment; to adapt to their â€Å"way of living†. If the hypothesis is supported, then each group of participants would adapt to their way of living as a reaction to their environment.Significant findings resulting from the proposed study can be used in better understanding the role of the environment on the development of human behavior. If social control theory, learning theory, and strain theory are found to magnify the chance of developin g criminal and deviant behaviors, this understanding could be applied to many different research studies and therapeutic training. Some research has already demonstrated that identifying an individual’s environmental background is quite important in understanding his criminal acts.In the psychological domain, recognizing the existing influences of each theory might be helpful in raising parental awareness of the importance of bonding mechanisms (supervision and interpersonal attachment) as well as children’s awareness of handling certain opportunity structures (cultural goals) and teaching the importance of maintaining strong values, raising society’s awareness of the importance of community organization, and implementing counseling programs.If people are made aware of the negative as well as positive effects of their environment on the development of their behavior, they might be more persuaded to maintain or develop strong values, develop cultural goals, and h ave a more positive realistic picture of their future, especially if they are living in a strained community. If the hypothesis is not supported, then there will be no difference between the influence of strained/disorganized communities and organized communities on the development of criminal and delinquent behaviors.Matching the social control, learning, and strain theories to each group of participants’ environment would have no effect in determining the possible implicit development of criminal behaviors. In this case, the type of environment (organized or disorganized community) would not justify the consequences on the general individual-level processes that affects the person’s adaption’s to the community exposed or opposed to possible criminal behaviors.Therefore, there would be no reason to raise the awareness of parents, children, and society of the importance of strong values and cultural goals when it comes to preventing the negative influences of th e community on behavior. Whether or not the message raises awareness, people would just continue â€Å"going with the flow†. Unexpected factors that can occur during this longitudinal research study, which may skew the outcome, may include the unexpected death of several participants (i. . illness, accident, gang violence), or if a participant moves to a different country. A potential limitation of this study is that it does not involve clinical assessments, which can include family history and background to determine the presence of abnormal disorders (mood disorders, personality disorders). Being aware of the presence of abnormal disorders is an important factor in determining the prevalence and etiology of criminal behavior.As a result, assessing the environment would not be sufficient to determine the risk of becoming a criminal. Also, longitudinal studies of a large sample of the population require a large number of researchers and access to certain legal databases (depe nding on the study), which takes time and a considerable amount of money. Future research could investigate other factors that might have an influence on the development of criminal behavior (i. e. race, gender, psychological and biological vulnerabilities, and individual choices).It is possible that sufficient justification to support the influences of these theories (control, learning, and strain) could also be accompanied by or perceived as different depending on these factors, such that psychological vulnerabilities (cognitive development), which can be caused by abuse, in any type of environment could influence the development of such behaviors as well. Some researchers believe that crime does not reside in the environment and others say that the idea of their environment alone is not enough.Future research should be done to investigate the measurable affirmation of criminal behavior contributing to a selective demographic based on psychological, biological, and sociological vu lnerabilities. Further investigation of the underlying causes of the development of criminal behavior is important not only to raise awareness, but to benefit our justice system as well as to contribute to the developing realm of research in psychology and criminology. References Hoffmann, John P. (2003). A contextual analysis of differential association, social control, and train theories of delinquency. Social Forces, 81, 753-785. Baskin, Deborah R. ; Sommers, Ira (2011). Child maltreatment, placement strategies, and delinquency. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 36, 106-119. Opotow, Susan; Gieseking, Jen (2011). Foreground and background: Environment as site and social issue. Journal of Social Issues, 67, 179-196. Stuart, Bryan (2004). Inside the criminal mind. Journal of Psychiatry & Law, 32, 547-549. No authorship indicated (1928). The problem of the mind. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 23, 1-3.

China-Japan relations and the views of news organizagions essays

China-Japan relations and the views of news organizagions essays Recently, Anti-Japanese protest has peaked in China due to Japans approval of high school history textbooks that contain significant revision and whitewash of its brutal actions towards China and Korea during WWII. At the same time Japan is trying to win a permanent seat on an expanded United Nations Security Council. China, being a member of the permanent United Nations Security Council, exercises veto against Japans effort. Two news organizations; New York Times and Washington Post, Blogsforbush.com and Chamsarang.com, an anti-war community in Korea have slightly different approaches to the issue. First, I will briefly summarize the history that had led the tension between the three nations in order to give some insight on the origin of anti-Japan movement, then discuss the different approaches that media has on Japans current action on the approval of inadequate textbooks, and Chinas objection and standpoint on Japans effort to win the Security Council. Both China and Korea long accused Japan for not apologizing for brutally invading its neighbor countries and the tension between the countries that still exists today. The Nanjing massacre was perhaps the best remembered and most infamous event in the Japanese invasion of China that killed nearly 300,000 citizens and soldiers. In addition to the huge number of deaths, over the course of weeks following the fall of Nanjing, Japanese troops engaged in an orgy of rape, murder, theft, and arson. Historians estimates that tens of thousands of women from as young as 7 to the elderly were raped. Rapes were often performed in public during the day and often in front of spouses or family members. The rape was systemized in a process where soldiers would search door to door for young girls. Many women were taken captive to be gang raped and some were kept to be raped again. It was common for a woman to be killed immediately after being raped usually by mutilati...

Free Essays on Technology

Technology today is changing everyday because it is the pinnacle of the future. Everyday new things are coming out that the general public cannot keep up with it sometimes. One of the biggest things that have changed over the years in the classroom has been the access to the Internet and computers. With that addition of the Internet and the computers it has really been changing the way education is being taught. Teaching has changed so much because of the access of the computers and the Internet. Now a teacher’s job can become a little easier because simple things can be done on the computer. For example now teachers can keep there attendance record and even do their grading a lot easier with computers. Once the teacher learns about all the different programs on a computer the sky is the limit. Teachers can use the program PowerPoint to do their lessons to teach their class. I think using a program with pictures and slides helps to make their presentation a lot better and can be easier for children to pick up key aspects because they can see it happening on a slide. For a physical education class a teacher could use PowerPoint to do a presentation on a skill such as throwing a baseball. The teacher could use the slides to show different skills for the class to remember. How I would use technology and the web in the classroom is by doing my presentations. I would use a lot of PowerPoint just because I think it is a great learning tool. Also I would use videos because that way the class can actually see the skill they need to use and see it in motion. With the internet there are so many things a teacher can do. One of the best things I think the Internet provides is idea for teachers. The Internet can help a teacher come up with new things to teach and great lesson ideas. One of the best things for a teacher right now to have is the Internet. One thing that a teacher must remember is that not everyone is good wi... Free Essays on Technology Free Essays on Technology Business is any activity that seeks profit by providing needed goods and services to others. The nature of providing these goods and services has changed drastically throughout the history of time. During the last thirty years of business activity, there has been new ways and means of conducting business through something we call technology. Technology is the advancement and uses of electronic devices and other high-tech equipment to produce and progress knowledge into the future. Today, in 1998, the number one technique of tying business into technology would be the use of the Internet. The Internet is a computer application that connects tens of thousands of interconnected computer networks that include 1.7 million host computers around the world. The basis of connecting all these computers together is by the use of ordinary telephone wires. Users are then directly joined to other computer users at there own will for a small connection fee per month. The connection conveniently inc ludes unlimited access to over a million web sites twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week. Since the Internet can be accessed by millions of people all time, it would be a great incentive for businesses. The Internet can help businesses in number of extraordinary ways. First, the Internet is an excellent way to make business information available to possible consumers. Say a person hears about a product that your business produces and would like to know more information about that product. Well, through Internet access, that person can easily locate your business web site and browse through the information needed. Included in the web site found, there could be many documents, pictures, small movie flicks, and unique question and answer sections available. All of this can be gathered in the convenience of a person's home, twenty-four hours a day. A business can be very pleased with the amount of information they can readily have available to publish to... Free Essays on Technology Technology today is changing everyday because it is the pinnacle of the future. Everyday new things are coming out that the general public cannot keep up with it sometimes. One of the biggest things that have changed over the years in the classroom has been the access to the Internet and computers. With that addition of the Internet and the computers it has really been changing the way education is being taught. Teaching has changed so much because of the access of the computers and the Internet. Now a teacher’s job can become a little easier because simple things can be done on the computer. For example now teachers can keep there attendance record and even do their grading a lot easier with computers. Once the teacher learns about all the different programs on a computer the sky is the limit. Teachers can use the program PowerPoint to do their lessons to teach their class. I think using a program with pictures and slides helps to make their presentation a lot better and can be easier for children to pick up key aspects because they can see it happening on a slide. For a physical education class a teacher could use PowerPoint to do a presentation on a skill such as throwing a baseball. The teacher could use the slides to show different skills for the class to remember. How I would use technology and the web in the classroom is by doing my presentations. I would use a lot of PowerPoint just because I think it is a great learning tool. Also I would use videos because that way the class can actually see the skill they need to use and see it in motion. With the internet there are so many things a teacher can do. One of the best things I think the Internet provides is idea for teachers. The Internet can help a teacher come up with new things to teach and great lesson ideas. One of the best things for a teacher right now to have is the Internet. One thing that a teacher must remember is that not everyone is good wi... Free Essays on Technology Technology in today ¡Ã‚ ¦s world plays a big role in many peoples lives in the high tech world we live in today. Making lives easier and more convenient, high technologic inventions are created or invented to better people ¡Ã‚ ¦s lives. High tech researchers are always finding ways to improve daily activities and inventions that were already improved. Computer has changed ways people work, do business, problem solving, research, ways of communication, and the variety of choices people have to find entertainment. It ¡Ã‚ ¦s hard to imagine how the world would be if computers didn ¡Ã‚ ¦t exist. Computers have a tremendous impact on society and will continue to find ways to improve and better people ¡Ã‚ ¦s lives. Electronic computers have been around for over a half a century. In the past, computers were almost only used for military, scientific, and technical purposes. Only a handful of scientist and technicians were the only ones able to use the computer. Computers were used to figure out complex calculations and that were very time consuming for human calculation. Over the years, computers have become more and more of an essential tool in all types of businesses and households around the world. With tools such as the Internet, computers have virtually changed the business do business. Large corporations were forced to use computers, to keep up with the other companies. Traditional ways of learning are slowly but surely changing the way students learn today. Computer tools and programs have proven to improve learning and teaching skills. The computer has turned the world around, and these changes will inspire and bring about other unimaginable changes. Over the last 10 years, the impact c omputers have on society has been enormous. Feature inventions and changes will continuing to overwhelm the world, and are greatly anticipated. From large corporations to small home-based business, computers have altered the ways businesses run in today ¡Ã‚ ¦s w... Free Essays on Technology People very often debate whether technology is good or bad. Many people believe that technology can only cause harm to their lives and society, while many others strongly defend the technologies which have made their lives much more leisureius and enriching than it could have been several hundred years ago. In my opinion, both of these views are correct to an extent, but I also believe that what should be examined is not whether technology in its self is good or bad, but rather how we as humans use the technology we have at hand. For decades now, television has been accused of contributing to the loss of the traditional American family and the destruction of the minds of those who watch it. However, although the TV has been involved in this, the problem roots not with technology but rather the people who choose to let it run their lives. I believe this because it is parents, not TV sets, who choose to let their children sit in front of the television for hours upon hours, and it is the parents who do not intervene and replace TV time with quality family time.... Free Essays on Technology Abstract There is a new place for exploration in regards to relationships; traditionally we meet people on the street, at bars or by other friends. However, since the vast expansion of Internet users, there have risen new ways of interacting and communicating with others. There are places on line that are specifically made to meet people in different context and environments. Some of these areas include instant message engines, chat rooms, and different other Internet based companies, which provide these services. Along with these new technological advances, as with many other things, there are negative outcomes. There has been research done on how these new ways of communication may cause turmoil to a relationships, through the idea of â€Å"Internet Infidelity,?Internet infidelity is defined by Shaw, â€Å"as taking the sexual energy of any sort thoughts, feelings, and behaviors out side a committed sexual relationship in such a way that it damages the relationship, and then pretendi ng that that this drain in energy will affect neither partner or the relationship as long as it remains undercover. (p. 29)?Some individuals discount these acts of interactions on line as â€Å"non-real,?therefore not constituting them as cheating; but through my research and my qualitative inquiries, I have found that â€Å"cyber cheating?may and has caused dire consequences in relationships. Introduction There has always been a concern about cheating with in relationships. However, the risk seems to have increase with the advances of new technologies, such as the Internet and the services it provides in regards to meeting people. The Internet now offers many opportunities to meet people on-line through services such as on-line personal ads, chat rooms, and instant messenger systems. It is reported that, â€Å"national averages indicate that families have wholeheartedly adopted the computer and the Internet access into their homes in relatively short tim... Free Essays on Technology Technology It seems that no matter where you go these days you run into some kind of computer or palm pilot, cell phone or some â€Å"needed† device. People got by for thousands of years without these things but apparently they are needed things today. How many times have you asked someone why they bought a brand new shiny peace of technology and gotten the answer â€Å"I needed one†. When humans first got into technology it was a luxury, helpful at best. Now everyone has some sort of a technical device that he or she considers needed, such as the computer I am writing this on now. Some where along the lines of time these things became â€Å"needed† items instead of luxuries. What could have possibly led us to this point? The possibility’s are endless but let’s explore a couple for giggles. First lets get into convenience. People seem to be getting a little lazier all the time, and in turn use technology to help do what we don’t want to. For example, the car was invented because people didn’t want to walk or ride horses as much and the car is much faster and more efficient. After all, why not just jump in a warm car in winter. Speaking of warm, heaters where probably invented so people would not have to start fires anymore. Heaters are cleaner, faster, and more efficient. The lawnmower was invented so people wouldn’t have to push around those big clunky mowers any more and again, lawnmowers are faster, and yes, more efficient. All of the items mentioned have a couple of similarities. First they all take an activity which you don’t want to do and make it easier. Starting a car is Breen 2 More friendly than getting a horse ready for a ride and turning on the heater is differently easier than starting a fire. The second similarity is that all of the items mentioned are faster and more efficient. You can drive your car all day and night and it will never complain or get tired. If you tried to ride a horse all day an...

Do some background research into the UK poplulation. E.g. size, social Essay

Do some background research into the UK poplulation. E.g. size, social and ethnic background - Essay Example Figure 2 shows the 2011 census ethnic group breakdown in the UK. White (87.2%) is the major ethnic group, followed by Asian/Asian British (6.9%), black / African / Caribbean / Black British (3.0%), Mixed/multiple ethnic groups (2.0%) and other ethnic group (0.9%) (Office for National Statistics, 2013 A). According to the 2011 census, all usual residents aged 16 to 74 in employment the week before the census was about 29.84 millions (Office for National Statistics, 2013 B). Figure 3 shows the 2011 census occupation and local authorities breakdown in the UK. About 17.3% of the people were in professional occupations, followed by Associate professional and technical occupations (12.6%), Skilled trades occupations (11.6%), Administrative and secretarial occupations (11.5%), Elementary occupations (11.2%), Managers, directors and senior officials (10.5%), Caring, leisure and other service occupations (9.42%), Sales and customer service occupations (8.56%), and Process, plant and machine operatives (7.3%). The GDP per capita is about $37,300. The median age of the UK residents is 40.3 years. The male residents’ median age is 39.1 years and the female residents’ age is 40.3 years. The male to female sex ratio is about 0.99. The population growth rate is about 0.55%. The birth rate is 12.26 births per thousands and death rate is 9.33 deaths per thousands. The mother-maternal mortality rate is 12 deaths per 100 thousand live births. The infant mortality rate is 4.5 deaths per thousand live births. The life expectancy at birth is 80.29 years with male life expectancy at birth being 78.16 years and female life expectancy at birth being 82.54 years. The literacy rate is about 99% (Central Intelligence Agency, 2014). According to BBC News (2014), the unemployment rate stands at 7.2% at the

Margins of society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Margins of society - Essay Example This creates a jarring impact on the viewers as they are forced to give respect to the subjects that they would otherwise ignore if they get a chance to meet them on the streets. For this paper, three photographs by Arbus would be analyzed, namely Hermaphrodite and a dog in a carnival trailer, A Jewish giant at home with his parents in the Bronx, NY and Child with a toy grenade, Central Park, NY . In this photograph, Arbus has photographed a hermaphrodite. The photograph captures the style and concept of other Arbus’ photograph. The picture seems quite ordinary except for the subject. If the main subject was removed from the picture, there would have been nothing interesting in the picture and yet it is the subject who changes the entire meaning of the picture. The Hermaphrodite stares back at the camera. He is not smiling and neither is he frowning. Rather, it seems that the hermaphrodite is conscious of getting his picture. This, however, does not fit with the body posture of the subject. It is the lack of pose in the body posture that makes the picture more compelling. The picture is quite ordinary in the way the Hermphrodite is relaxing on the chair but it is the same feeling of the oridinary that brings forth the emotion of the viewers to the surface. The picture seems to be challenging the viewer to accept the Hermaphrodite as a part of the society. The subject is partially nude, and yet he does not shy away by attempting to cover himself with his hands. He wears shiny undergarments which show that the subject is getting ready for a show or has just come back from one. The presence of the dog lends a personal touch to the photograph. It tells something about the subject even if it is as ordinary as the fact that the subject owns a dog that loves enough to share the photograph with. It is was not for the title of the photography, many viewers would have missed the small dog lying on the lap of the Hermaphrodite. Arbus, in this

THE Chain of Command Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

THE Chain of Command - Research Paper Example However, the principles and theories formulated during the first quarter of 20th century are still being used as the base of each new management model. This paper mainly highlights the principle of chain of command which was first presented by Henri Fayol in 1916. The paper deals with the significance of chain of command, the historical perspective described by different writers, and its effectiveness in organizations. An intentional attempt has been made to generalize the concept of chain of command in all fields of life. Although the term is mostly used in military perspective, however, the paper is not found stuck to military organizations only. The application of chain of command and its effectiveness has been discussed in context of both military and civil organizations. In the concluding remarks, the concept of chain of command has been analyzed critically along with few recommendations. Change of Command In a military perspective, the chain of command is a specific communicati on and interactive procedure, in the line of authority plus responsibility in which orders are conveyed in a military unit and other concerning different units. Generally orders are disseminated out by a higher hierarchy i.e. a commissioned officer to the lower-ranked personnel who after receiving the orders execute the same to further lower personnel. Thus the orders are carried out to all those who are supposed to be executed. Generally, in military orders are given to instant subordinates in the chain of command while lower ranked personnel get the orders only from those who are their immediate seniors. No service member is allowed to appeal for any relief to a commander above his immediate officer and the failure is dealt with disciplinary action. Although, military officers are authorized to give orders to any of their under command subordinates, however, they are expected to communicate their orders only to their immediate juniors. In any organization, military, civil, or priv ate, chain of command is actually an official streak of authority, control, and responsibility. The chain of command is well described through a sorted out organizational chart which identifies the superior authorities and their subordinates as well as the possible ways of communications and relationships between them. The classical theory of organization highlights the importance of human relations, organizational effectiveness, and overall management. These aspects construct an organizational structure which allows one to ascertain the lines of authority and command and ensures lucid task of his responsibilities (Alajloni et al, 2010). The principle of unity of command is maintained by following the proper chain of command along with apparent interaction with specific authority. According to Fayol (1916), this principle means that each lower ranked subordinate must receive orders from one and only one person. This minimizes any kind of confusions, doubts, and conflicts as various bosses lead to divide the responsibilities. In military perspective, the rule of unity of command is very significant because violation of this rule leads to jeopardize of overall discipline and may also result in instability of the whole unit. In his historical book ‘General and Industrial Management’, Fayol also stated the scalar chain principle. This principle describes that authority and responsibility flow, one level at a time, in a vertical line from the highest level in an organization to its lowest level and thus establishes an organization's hierarchy. For Duncan (1979), the disregard of chain of command without proper disposal is a management error; however, he tolerates it provided the chain of comm

The System that Couldnt Deliver Essay Example for Free

The System that Couldnt Deliver Essay Three years ago, Diana Sullivan, was recruited by Lenox from a major competitor to work as its Chief Information Officer. Sullivan, a 20-year veteran information systems executive, knew going into this job that computers had never been one of Lenoxs strengths. James Bennett, Lenoxs Chief Executive Officer told Sullivan that they simply need a tool that would help their agents provide fast and reliable information needed to close a sale. After years of hard work, Sullivan thought she had done her job well by delivering Lifexpress on time and on budget. Lifexpress is a sophisticated computer-aided system that enabled Lenoxs 10,000-plus agents to do everything from establishing a prospects financial profile, to selecting the most appropriate products from the companys myriad policies and generating all the paperwork needed to close a sale. Lifexpress, however, wasnt boosting sales productivity as much as management had expected. Two of Lenoxs competitors had launched similar systems and are already running ahead of them. Sullivans Boss, Chief Financial Officer Clay Fontana seems to be blaming Sullivan for the problem. Bennett appeared to correspond with Fontana. They believe that since Lifexpress is Sullivans system then she should be accountable not only for its creation and implementation but for realizing the business goals that goes with it as well. Yet Sullivan believes that had already taken what the necessary steps to bring the company up to speed. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM How can information technology projects help Lenox achieve its business goals?OBJECTIVES1.To describe the companys attitude towards information technology2.To determine how Lenox can achieve radical performance improvements through the use of information technology THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK Decisions on investments in IT are both critical and contentious. With a thorough understanding of a companys strategic context, managers can identify business and IT maxims that can help determine the IT infrastructure capabilities necessary to achieve their business goals.Management by Maxims The framework is made up of four components. 1.Considering Strategic Context. To clarify infrastructure requirements, companies also need to understand the current strategies and strategic intents of each business unit, the synergies between units and the firms experiences and beliefs in the value of leveraging those synergies.2.Articulating Business Maxims. Business Maxims capture the essence of a firms future direction. It is grouped into six categories: cost focus; value differentiation as perceived by customers; flexibility and agility; growth; human resources; and management orientation. It is therefore important for managers to prioritize the relative importance of maxims to ensure that the most important messages are understood. Business Maxims form a base from which business and IT executives can work together to identify IT maxims. 3.Identifying IT Maxims. IT Maxims describe how a firm needs to connect, share, and structure information and deploy IT across the firm. It is grouped into five categories: expectations for IT investments in the firm; data access and use; hardware and software resources; communications capabilities and services; and architecture standards approach. 4.Clarifying a Firms View of IT Infrastructure. IT Infrastructure has four views: none, utility, dependent and enabling. Firms take on one view. There is no one best view but rather one is more appropriate for a particular firm, according to its strategic context and business and IT Maxims. A firms view of infrastructure should change together with its strategic context and business maxims. a.None View. It is when a firm decides to do without IT economies among its businesses. It does not invest in IT infrastructures at the firmwide level. b.Utility View. IT infrastructure is viewed as a way to reduce costs through economies of scale and sharing. c.Dependent View. IT infrastructure is viewed as a response to specific strategies. d.Enabling View. IT infrastructure is viewed as a core competence that provides competitive advantage. Firms with this view are industry leaders in terms of infrastructure investment levels and provide extensive infrastructure services in a highly centralized way. CASE ANALYSIS Lenox Insurance Company admits that computers were never their strength and with the way they are going, it will never be. Bringing in new technologies, updating key applications and the reorganizing and streamlining of the information services organization should never be seen as a cure all to the problems plaguing the organization. An information services overhaul is not a feel-good pill. New technologies should be met with fresh attitudes and ideas. Information Services is just one of Lenoxs many problems. In fact, it is not one of its biggest problems when Lifexpress became operational. It is that its top people, its Chief Financial Officer and Chief Executive Officer have no idea about the concepts of product strategy and increased productivity. The way the Chief Executive Officer and the CFO understand increased productivity is how Lifexpress translates into increased sales. Lifexpress effect on Lenoxs productivity is that it cut the processing of all the necessary paperwork from four weeks minimum to a matter of hours. If thats not an increased in productivity, I do not know what is. Lifexpress should be assessed on its own merits and not on comparisons to competitor systems. Lifexpress was received positively by Lenoxs technologically challenged agents. This could only mean that the agents will get the hang of using the Lifexpress system given time. It is just that Lenoxs agents have a steeper learning curve having a handicap of technological incompetence. Ease of use is relative Lenox insurance company should take the steeper learning curve into consideration. The completion of the Lifexpress project in itself was a success and credit should be given to Sullivan. The project was made operational on time and in budget. It is hard to argue with these facts. It is given that Lenox Insurance Company has more product offerings than its competition so Lenoxs  Lifexpress project should be expected to be more complicated and therefore will take more time to cover all of its services. The Lenox Insurance case resonates with the parable of the mustard seed. As it is now, the proverbial mustard seed, the Lifexpress system cannot be brought into fruition with Lenox Insurance Companys initial technological shock. But it should not lose hope. Lenox Insurance Company can still cultivate its lad to be fertile, given time. Using the management by Maxim Framework, Lenox does have a clear strategic context improve productivity and help the sales force close on more new policies using information services. But it did not have a clear articulation of its business IT maxims. For one, Lenox confuses the goal of increased sales with Lifexpress effect of increased productivity. Starting from a technological handicap relative to competition, Lenoxs investment in Lifexpress was a big leap enough. It is time for them to get back to the drawing board and reassess their business strategies that need to be saved from the quicksand of confusion. The clear articulation of an agreed position in a form that executives understand and act on is sorely lacking in Lenox. Because of this, accountability is muddled and could lead as it is to Lenoxs case to endless and pointless finger pointing. To this end, Sullivan is partly to blame, she should have discussed her role in clear detail with Lenoxs top executives. She could have been spared of all the accusations being thrown at her. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Once and for all, Lenoxs top people should sit down and reassess their strategies using the 4-point Management by Maxim framework. They should agree on courses of action and execute them accordingly. Bibliography: Byron Reimus, The IT system that couldnt deliver, Harvard Business Review (May-June 1997)